Metode Dakyah Kristian di Pulau Pinang Pada Abad ke-19: Kajian Terhadap Karya-Karya Terpilih Thomas Beighton (1790-1844) Methods of Christian Mission in Penang in the 19th Century: A Study of the Selected Works of Thomas Beighton (1790-1844)

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Siti Nor Aisyah Ngadiran
Tatiana A. Denisova

Abstract

The British settlement in Penang in the 1790s had led to the introduction of Christianity from various sects, mainly Protestant which consisted of multiple missionary societies. Amongst the most active was the London Missionary Society (LMS). However, the research conducted on LMS especially among the local researchers is minimal due to the lack of sources which are only available in certain libraries in London. Therefore, this study aims to introduce 10 works of Thomas Beighton (1790–1844) which were written in Malay Jawi. These sources highlighted the importance of this language as an element of Malay identity in Penang. Hence, textual analysis, classification and comparison methods employed by using ATLAS.ti were done to identify the preaching methods that are often used in these works. The results indicated that there were three main methods; highlighting of the similarities between Islam and Christianity, the misrepresentation of the image of Islam and the Malays, and promoting of Western ethics and Christianity as a solution in life. However, the Beighton’s mission failed when the LMS Malay Missionary Station in the region had to be closed down and consequently, they turned their attention to China in 1843.

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Ngadiran, S. N. A., & Denisova, T. A. (2020). Metode Dakyah Kristian di Pulau Pinang Pada Abad ke-19: Kajian Terhadap Karya-Karya Terpilih Thomas Beighton (1790-1844): Methods of Christian Mission in Penang in the 19th Century: A Study of the Selected Works of Thomas Beighton (1790-1844). Afkar: Jurnal Akidah Dan Pemikiran Islam, 22(2), 43–76. https://doi.org/10.22452/afkar.vol22no2.2
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References

Sumber Arkib:
a. Dokumen surat menyurat antara para misionari LMS Pulau Pinang di simpanan arkib School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), Universiti London, United Kingdom:

Beighton, Thomas dan Ince, John kepada Kumpulan Pengarah LMS, 10 Ogos 1819, Pulau Pinang, Council of World Mission Penang 1:1805 – 1823, Fail No.1(B).
Beighton, Thomas kepada Mr. Brown, 14 Jun 1819, Pulau Pinang, Council of World Mission Ultra-Ganges Penang 1:1805 – 1823, Fail No.1(A).
Beighton, Thomas kepada Rev. Tidman, A. dan Rev. Freeman, J. J., 21 Oktober 1842, Pulau Pinang, Council of World Mission Penang 4: 1836 – 1869, Fail No.5 (C).
Beighton, Thomas kepada Rev. Tidman, A., 26 Jun 1843, Pulau Pinang, Council of World Mission Penang 4: 1836 – 1869, Fail No.6 (A).
Beighton, Thomas dan Ince, John kepada Mr. Eian, Hankey 4 Mei 1820, Pulau Pinang, Council of World Mission Ultra-Ganges Penang 1:1805 – 1823, Fail No.2(A).
Beighton, Thomas dan Ince, John kepada Rev. Burden, E., 5 Januari 1821, Pulau Pinang, Council of World Mission Penang 1:1805 – 1823, Fail No.3 (A).
Beighton, Thomas kepada Bendahari LMS, 24 Jun 1819, Pulau Pinang, Council of World Mission Penang 1: 1805 – 1823, Fail No.1 (B).
Beighton, Thomas kepada Rev. Tidman, A. dan Rev. Freeman, J. J., 10 September 1842, Pulau Pinang, Council of World Mission Penang 4: 1836 – 1869, Fail No.5 (C).
Isteri Beighton, T. kepada Rev. Tidman, A. dan Rev. Freeman, J. J., 19 April 1844, Pulau Pinang, Council of World Mission Penang 4: 1836 – 1869, Fail No.6 (C).
Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah kepada Beighton, Thomas, 4 September 1837, Pulau Pinang, Council of World Mission Penang 4: 1836–1869, Fail No.2 (A).

b. Kumpulan karya Thomas Beighton yang terdapat di British Library, London, boleh dirujuk dalam buku bertajuk Miscellaneous Tracts Malay (1836-1842):

Beighton, Thomas. Inilah Kitāb Risālat Pengajaran yang Dikeluarkan daripada al-Kitāb dan Dikarangkan karna Segala Manusia yang Suka Membaca Pengajaran Ini. Pulau Pinang: t.p., 1839.
Beighton, Thomas. Puji Pujian ya’nī Tahlīl yang Dinyanyikan oleh Orang Masīḥi Tatkala Ia Memujikan Allāh. Pulau Pinang: t.p., 1839.
Beighton, Thomas. Agama yang Terutama: Adalah Agama yang Terutama seperti yang Telah Dinyatakan di dalam Kitāb Taurāt Zabur dan Injīl Adanya. Pulau Pinang: t.p., 1840.
Beighton, Thomas. Citra Ḥikāyat Īsā. Melaka: Mission Press, 1840.
Beighton, Thomas. Ḥikāyat Budak Bernama Tom: Inilah Ḥikāyat Budak yang Bernama Tom, ya’nī Toma Y. Ansi yang Sangat Setiawan Lagi Berbakti kepada Tuhan Īsā al-Masīḥ yang Maha Mulia Adanya. Pulau Pinang: t.p., 1840.
Beighton, Thomas. Kejayaan Injīl al-Qudus: Kejayaan Injīl, ya’nī, Tangkas dan Jaya Injīl al-Qudus Itu dari Mula Dikhutbatkan oleh Rasul2 Tuhan Īsā al-Masīḥ di dalam Beberapa Negeri yang Besar2 Tanda Sah Kedatangan daripada Tuhan Adanya. Pulau Pinang: t.p., 1840.
Beighton, Thomas. Syarat Persumpahan. Pulau Pinang: t.p., 1840.
Beighton, Thomas. Inilah Kunci Pengempar: Maka adalah Nama Kitāb Ini Kunci Pengempar, Ertinya Pembuka Rahsia yang Tersembunyi di dalam Perbendaharaan Mazhab Muslim ya’nī Islam dan Ketuhanan ‘Ain al-Qudsi telah Sudah Dizahirkan Adanya. Pulau Pinang: t.p., 1841.

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