Pilot Study on Prevalence of Enamel Erosion in Patients Having Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Attending IIUM Dental Clinic

Authors

  • Ahmad Nur Hilmi Ahmad Tajudin Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
  • Aiman Za’im Aminuddin Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
  • Hamad Abdulsalam Hamad Alfarisi Department of Fundamental Dental and Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia
  • Basma Ezzat Mustafa Department of Fundamental Dental and Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia
  • Naziyah Shaban Mustafa Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Diagnosis, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia
  • Muhammad Ateeq Md Jalil Department of Internal Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22452/adum.vol32.8

Keywords:

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), enamel erosion, prevalence

Abstract

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common digestive disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Reflux of gastric acid may cause oral acidification that can induce teeth demineralization. Destruction of dental hard tissue by acid reflux necessitates a combine approach involving medical and dental profession. This pilot study aims to assess association between enamel erosion and GERD, and estimate prevalence of enamel erosion among GERD patients. A total of 22 patients (GERD and control) were involved in this case-control study. Dental charting was done using five-point ordinal scales of modified Tooth Wear Evaluation System (TWES 2.0). Cohen’s Kappa Coefficient was used for assessment of intra-rater and inter-rater reliability. Fisher’s Exact Test was used to determine association between enamel erosion and GERD, reflecting prevalence. Out of 11 GERD patients, 63.6% exhibit enamel erosion, whereas only 9.1% of control patient presented with enamel erosion. Fisher’s Exact Test showed a significant prevalence of enamel erosion in GERD patients (p=0.024). This study showed a clear association between enamel erosion and GERD, and it can be considered as an oral manifestation in patient with GERD. Future study involving large sample size is recommended to show clear statistical evidence of association between enamel erosion and GERD.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Clarret DM & Hachem C. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). Missouri Medicine 2018; 115(3):214-218.

Antunes C, Aleem A, Curtis S. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Florida: StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL). 2022.

Aradya A, Nagarajagowda RSK, Venu AH, Srinivas S, Char GS, Iyer MS. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) – Role of Dentist. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 2021; 10(27):2012-2017.

Devault KR. Extra-esophageal symptoms of GERD. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine 2003; 70(5).

Delgado AJ & Ólafsson VG. Erosive Tooth Wear: Etiology, Diagnosis, Risk Factors and Management. Decisions in Dentistry. July/August 2019; 5(7):40–46.

Blancato AB, Bruno MM, Mendonca MF, Lepri CP. Intrinsic and extrinsic dental erosion: literature review. RSBO 2023; 20(1):142-51.

Yanushevich OO, Maev IV, Krikheli NI, et al. Prevalence and Risk of Dental Erosion in Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10(7):126.

Milani DC, Rauber BF, Fornari F. Gastroesophageal reflux disease and dental erosions- A mini review. Gastroenterology & Hepatology: Open Access 2017; 7(5): 320-321.

Chauhan N, Manjunat YV, Kumar JS. Dietary Component as a Risk Predictor for Dental Erosion among GERD Patients: Analytical Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Dentistry and Oral Biology 2022; 7(3):1-7.

D'Agostino S, Bissoli A, Caporaso L, Iarussi F, Pulcini R,Dolci M. Gastroesophageal reflux disease and dental erosion: A modern review. Japanese Journal of Gastroenterology Research 2021; 1(1):1-3.

Peter W, Miranda JMWG, Lukasz DK, Oliver A. Diagnosis tooth wear, a new taxonomy based on the revised version of the Tooth Wear Evaluation System (TWES 2.0). Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 2020; 47(1):703-712.

Oginni AO, Agbakwuru EA, Ndububa DA. The prevalence of dental erosion in Nigerian patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. BMC Oral Health 2005; 5(1)

Alavi G, Alavi A, Saberfiroozi M, Sarbazi A, Motamedi M, Hamedan Sh. Dental Erosion in Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in a Sample of Patients Referred to the Motahari Clinic, Shiraz, Iran. Journal of Dentistry (Shiraz, Iran) 2014; 15(1):33–38.

Wild YK, Heyman MB, Vittinghoff E, Dalal DH, Wojcicki JM, Clark AL, Rechmann B, Rechmann P. Gastroesophageal reflux is not associated with dental erosion in children. Gastroenterology 2011; 141(5):1605–1611.

Asanuma K, Iijima K, Shimosegawa T. Gender difference in gastro-esophageal reflux diseases. World journal of Gastroenterology 2016; 22(5):1800–1810.

Downloads

Published

2025-12-03

Issue

Vol. 32 (2025)

Section

Original/Research Article

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Annals of Dentistry University of Malaya

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

  1. The Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya holds the copyright of the published manuscript including all its components such as supplementary information, graphical contents and raw data without any restrictions.
  2. The author grant the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya assignable and sub-licensable right, unlimited in time and territory, to copy-edit, reproduce, publish, distribute, transmit, make available and store the Article, including abstracts thereof, in all forms of media of expression now known or developed in the future, including pre- and reprints, translations, photographic reproductions and extensions.
  3. After acceptance for publication in Ann Dent UM, the author(s) have the right to use any of its components in whole or in part for academic purposes such as, presentation in scientific conferences and seminars.

Most read articles by the same author(s)