MOJPC: Malaysia Online Journal of Psychology & Counselling
Malaysia Online Journal of Psyhcology & Counselling is double-blind peer reviewed, international, professional refereed journal in the interdisciplinary fields relevant to Psychology & Counselling. The Malaysia Online Journal of Psychology & Counselling serves as a platform for presenting and discussing the emerging issues in psychology and counselling-related areas. The journal aims to promote dialogue and exchange of information about psychology & counselling, particularly in the Asia Pacific region, as well as internationally.
Faculty of Education, University of Malaya
MENTAL HEALTH OF FEMALE EMPLOYEES ACROSS INDUSTRIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CHALLENGES AND RESILIENCE FACTORS
This systematic review analyses the mental health-related challenges and resilience factors of women in employment within various industries, focusing on their psychological distress and the factors fostering positive health outcomes. The review integrates results from different studies concerned with the incidence of stress, burnout, anxiety, and depression while paying special attention to the consequences of gender bias, organizational culture, and management approaches. The data suggest that while supportive organizational environments, transformational leadership, and work-life balance policies exist, abusive environments where women are faced with gender discrimination, harassment, and limited opportunities for advancement continue to be primary sources of stress. Furthermore, some social support systems, mentorship, and career development opportunities were found to aid in alleviating psychological barriers, thereby enhancing resilience. This review emphasizes measures that organizations should take in formulating Gender-sensitive policies and leadership approaches that support mental health among women employees.
THE CRITICAL INFLUENCE OF MINDFULNESS IN REDUCING FOREIGN LANGUAGE ANXIETY: A STUDY ON MALAYSIA’S NATIONAL SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
The learning of a foreign language is generally an arduous, anxiety-laden psychological experience. However, recent studies have observed the virtues of mindfulness practices in education in yielding positive benefits for a smoother learning outcome. To test its efficacy in the local context, this quantitative non-experimental correlational research surveyed 429 students from 32 secondary schools in Selangor, Malaysia. First, it examined the levels of mindfulness and foreign language anxiety among the target population using the Theory of Foreign Language Anxiety and the Mindfulness Model. Next, it investigated the direct effects of mindfulness on foreign language anxiety. Questionnaires with measurement scales co-opted from previous studies were used as survey instruments. These included the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale by Horwitz et al. (1986) and the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure by Greco et al. (2011). Conclusively, the research findings showed a distinct relationship between mindfulness and foreign language classroom anxiety, with mindfulness exerting a mediating influence in alleviating foreign language anxiety. Accordingly, the research encourages the development of learning environments that are strategically empathetic in bolstering students’ confidence for successful foreign language acquisition.
TEACHER SELF-EFFICACY AND PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY AMONG INDONESIAN NON-SPECIALIST EFL TEACHERS: A MULTIPLE CASE STUDY IN PRIMARY SCHOOL CONTEXTS
This study examines the development of teacher self-efficacy and professional identity among non-specialist English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers in Indonesian primary schools who lack formal training in English language teaching (ELT). It investigates how these teachers construct their professional roles and self-beliefs through experiential learning within a low-support educational environment. Using a qualitative multiple-case study design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis which involves four primary school teachers. The findings indicate that mastery experiences - particularly successful classroom teaching - were the most influential in building self-efficacy and shaping professional identity. Vicarious experiences, often accessed through online resources and personal educational histories, also contributed significantly by enhancing instructional strategies and confidence. However, emotional challenges such as imposter syndrome and identity vulnerability emerged, especially in under-resourced schools. The study underscores the dynamic interplay between self-efficacy and professional identity and highlights the need for targeted, context-sensitive support for non-specialist teachers. These findings offer new insights into teacher development in marginalized educational contexts and suggest practical strategies to promote professional growth in similarly resource-constrained settings.
THE EFFECT OF SCHOOL-BASED CHARACTER-BUILDING PROGRAM ON SELF-ESTEEM, SELF-EFFICACY AND RESILIENCE AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Character-building programs play a crucial role in fostering students' personal growth and psychological well-being. This study examines the effectiveness of a school-based character-building program in enhancing self-esteem, self-efficacy, and resilience among primary school students. The intervention, grounded in the Information-Motivation-Behavioral (IMB) model and Emotional Intelligence (EI) theory, aims to equip students with essential emotional regulation skills, decision-making abilities, and adaptive coping strategies. A single-group pre-test and post-test design was employed, in which students participated in structured activities that focused on self-awareness, motivation, and behavioral skills. Findings indicated significant improvements in self-esteem, self-efficacy, and resilience, supporting previous literature emphasizing the role of emotional intelligence-based interventions in character development. The results suggest that integrating IMB and EI strategies into school programs can enhance students’ self-esteem, self-efficacy, and resilience. These findings have implications for educators, policymakers, and future research, highlighting the need for longitudinal studies and broader implementation of character-building initiatives in school settings.
UNDERSTANDING COPING STRATEGIES OF MALAYSIAN PARENTS DURING CHILD PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION
Caring for children with Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties (EBD) is associated with elevated stress levels among parents. However, there is little knowledge of how parents cope during participation in their child’s psychotherapeutic intervention for EBD. The current study explored the coping strategies adopted by the parents during their contact with their child's mental health services by using a transcendental phenomenological design. Seidman's three-interview series collected detailed data from seven parents (six mothers and one father) in the Malaysian peninsula. The Stevick-Colaizzi-Keen method was used to analyse data collected from individual interviews. Four main strategies were identified from the study: emotion-focused coping, information-based coping, social support, and spirituality-based coping. Additionally, information-based coping included two sub-strategies: (a) means for informed decision-making and (b) access to mental health information. Mental health professionals need to incorporate clinical strategies that could help parents cope better during this challenging time.
EFFICACY OF COMPASSION FOCUSED THERAPY (CFT) IN TREATING ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION AMONG YOUNG ADULTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of Compassion-Focused Therapy (CFT) in the treatment of anxiety and depression among young adults aged 18 to 25. In particular, the review seeks to examine the prevalence and impact of these emotional disorders in this population, assess therapeutic outcomes of CFT, and explore its relevance and applicability to young adult mental health. A systematic search was conducted across major electronic databases to identify relevant studies, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and empirical research that met predefined inclusion criteria. Ten studies were selected for analysis. The review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, ensuring methodological rigor. The findings indicate that CFT produces statistically significant reductions in symptoms of anxiety and depression among young adults. Furthermore, participants receiving CFT demonstrated improvements in self-compassion, emotional regulation, and overall psychological well-being. The evidence suggests that CFT is a promising and effective intervention for the treatment of anxiety and depression in young adults. The findings support further exploration and integration of CFT into counseling practices targeting young adult populations, particularly in culturally diverse settings.
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL COMMUNITY’S PERSPECTIVES ON THE ROLE AND CHALLENGES OF COUNSELLORS IN SCHOOL-BASED DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION IN MALAYSIA
This research explores the role of school counsellors in drug abuse prevention at the elementary school level in Malaysia, examining their contributions, challenges, and the effectiveness of their involvement in school-based initiatives. The qualitative research gathered insights from 16 participants. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, and the analysis followed a grounded theory approach, allowing themes to emerge naturally from the responses. The findings indicate that counsellors are central to drug abuse prevention efforts, providing counselling services, conducting drug screenings and mental health assessments, and offering educational outreach to students, parents, and staff. However, challenges such as limited experience with drug abuse cases in elementary schools, inadequate resources, and heavy workloads were identified. Moreover, disparities in counsellor qualifications, especially in rural areas, and external pressures from communities often hinder counsellors' effectiveness. The research underscores the need for enhanced counsellor training, better resource allocation, and increased community support to improve the quality of drug abuse prevention programs in schools. These findings’ implications suggest that school counsellors require greater institutional support to carry out their responsibilities effectively. Future research could focus on evaluating the impact of specialized training for counsellors, as well as exploring the role of community involvement and parental engagement in strengthening drug abuse prevention strategies at the elementary level. Enhancing these efforts may lead to more comprehensive and effective drug abuse prevention at an early stage.
A STUDY ON EXPLORING THE CLASSES OF RORSCHACH AGGRESSION VARIABLES
The researchers in this study explored the classes of Model 1 (including Primary Process Aggression, Secondary Process Aggression, Aggressive Movement, Morbid Content, Aggressive Content, Aggressive Potential, Aggressive Past, and Sado-masochism) and Model 2 (Aggressive Movement, Aggressive Content, Aggressive Potential, Aggressive Past, Active Aggression, Passive Aggression, Overt Aggression, Covert Aggression, Aggressive Emotion, Physical Harm, and Mental Harm) about Rorschach variables related to aggression in a Chinese sample of college students (N = 90). Factor analysis of Model 1 revealed two dimensions accounting for 69.713% of the total variance and largely supported previous findings for a 2-component model of Rorschach aggressive imagery that had been identified. Factor analysis of Model 2 revealed three dimensions accounting for 67.771% of the total variance, however, failed to support the classes of Model 2. From the results of this study, Model 1 is more mature and can better explain the classes of Rorschach aggression variables, and Model 2 still needs further research and support.
FO GUANG CAI GEN TAN: TEACHING OF HUMANISTIC BUDDHISM IN PROMOTING SOCIETAL WELL-BEING
This article examined Fo Guang Cai Gen Tan, a significant work by Master Hsing Yun, within the context of Humanistic Buddhism. Master Hsing Yun, a contemporary Buddhist scholar and educator, created Fo Guang Cai Gen Tan to extend Hong Yingming’s Cai Gen Tan, integrating Buddhist teachings with the practical wisdom needed for modern life. This review highlights the educational, philosophical, and social contributions of Fo Guang Cai Gen Tan, analyzing its influence on Buddhism’s institutionalization, modernization, and internationalization. Zen principles, compassion, and ethical guidance are followed by emphasizing their role in promoting mindfulness and societal well-being. The review also addressed the evolving research trends in this text, from literary, religious, and worldview perspectives to its history, social practice, gender equality, and pedagogical and practical role of Buddhism. By investigating the developments, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of Humanistic Buddhism’s application in contemporary contexts, offering insights into its global and interdisciplinary significance.
PENGALAMAN KAUNSELOR PELATIH SEMASA MEMBERI PERKHIDMATAN BIMBINGAN DAN KAUNSELING
A trainee counselor is an individual undergoing practical training under a counseling education program to develop professional skills in providing guidance and counseling to clients. They play a role in applying counselling theories and techniques in real-life situations under the supervision of experienced professionals to strengthen competencies and ensure effectiveness in resolving clients’ issues. This study aims to evaluate the experience of trainee counsellors in providing guidance and counselling to clients throughout their practical training period. The main focus of the study was to identify the level of mastery of communication skills, empathy, and intervention approaches applied by trainee counsellors in dealing with various issues such as emotional stress, family conflicts, and academic achievement. The study sample consisted of 3 trainee counsellors at a Malaysian public university. The researchers conducted a qualitative study using a semi-structured interview method. Next, the interview process was followed by converting the audio recording into a transcript for thematic analysis The results obtained were analyzed using the ATLAS.ti software. The findings found that trainee counsellors faced challenges in building strong professional relationships, but managed to improve their competence through continuous training and supervisory support. This study has important implications for the need to provide intensive training programs and structured coaching to improve the effectiveness of trainee counsellor services.
SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF MARITAL QUALITY AMONG YOUNG COUPLES
The prevalence of broken marriages worldwide led to the focus on marital quality among couples. This study is a correlation crosssectional survey that utilizes a simple random sampling technique to select 300 respondents across five selected local government areas in Ibadan. A 5-likert scale self-structured questionnaire with six (6) sections. It covers respondent’s demographic characteristics, Marital Quality (r 0.87), Communication (0.79), Relationship Quality (r 0.85), Mindfulness (r 0.91) and Spousal Choice (r 0.84). Pearson Correlation, ANOVA and Linear Regression were used to test the research hypotheses. Results revealed that quality of relationship (r = 0.323, p< .05); communication (r =0.121, p< .05), and mindfulness (r = 0.349, p< .05) exerted a positive significant relationship on the quality of marriage; gender exerted negative significant relationship (r = -0.199, p< .05); choice of partner exerted a negative not-significant relationship (r = -0.200, p> .05); and education exerted a positive notsignificant relationship on quality of marriage (r = 0.072, p> .05). Going by the results, relationship quality, communication, and mindfulness have a positive and statistically significant influence on marital quality. This study recommends that couples should learn each other’s communication language, be mindful of spousal needs and desires, and make themselves interesting and fascinating to one another.
INFLUENCE OF COMPUTER SELF-EFFICACY, PERSONALITY TRAITS, ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION, EXPERIENCE AND GENDER ON TECHNOPHOBIA AMONG UNDERGRADUATE IN IBADAN
Technophobia encompasses a fear of all technologies. It can be described as a sense of unease brought on by an encounter with technology. Technophobia can cause cognitive anxiety or physical discomfort in its victims. It is one of the prominent factors that hinders the effective application of technology among students. Technophobic individuals often have trouble adopting and actively using new technologies, instead preferring to use analogue or traditional solutions. The study adopted a correlational research design. 400 participants were randomly selected from four universities (two federal and two private) within Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. The study’s objective was to investigate the influence of computer self-efficacy, personality traits, achievement motivation, computer experience, and gender on technophobia among undergraduates. Five reliable instruments were used in the collection of data. Data were analysed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation and multiple regression analysis. It was found that there was a joint influence of computer self-efficacy, personality traits, achievement motivation and computer experience in predicting technophobia, while gender was not. It was therefore recommended that students who have technophobia should be encouraged to develop self-confidence in the use of technology for their schoolwork. The more experience students have on the computer, the lower their technophobia. As such, students should be encouraged to use technology more often to gain more experience and explore different technologies. Students who suffer from technophobia should seek help from counselling psychologists to alleviate their fear of technology.
ASSESSING PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT MODEL AND CHILDREN’S MALAY LANGUAGE READING SKILLS IN MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY: THE PANDEMIC CHALLENGE
The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic has marked significant changes in parental involvement in learning with young children. Parents juggled multiple roles at home, requiring them to be resourceful and ‘present’ during their child’s learning. The current study examines parental involvement dimensions on children’s reading skills in the Malay language among six-year-old children. The analyses were based on 310 dyads from one east state in Malaysia. All respondents were selected based on stratified random sampling from private kindergartens in Malaysia. The study examined parental reports on five dimensions including parents teaching efficacy beliefs, authoritative parenting practice, teacher guidelines, communication with kindergarten management and home reading literacy activity. Children’s reading skills were assessed with three components: identifying uppercase and lowercase, reading syllables and reading words. The results revealed that despite multiple movement control orders, most six-year-old Malaysian children could grasp and showed commendable results in three reading skills assessments. Parents showed a moderate level of teaching efficacy which resulted in a negative contribution to children’s reading skills. Nevertheless, this study suggested that with authoritative parenting practices and consistent communication with the management and teachers, the children’s reading skills would be maintained and developed consistently, despite parents and teachers juggling multiple expectations, roles, and attitudes of young learners during the pandemic.
INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION FACTORS IN PREDICTING THE MURAJA'AH HAFAZAN OF TAHFIZ AL-QUR'AN DIPLOMA STUDENTS AT KOLEJ ISLAM TEKNOLOGI ANTARABANGSA (KITAB) PULAU PINANG
Tahfiz al-Quran education system is expanding rapidly in Malaysia, focusing on Quran memorization, which requires continuous repetition (muraja'ah). This research aims to assess the influence of intrinsic factors (attitude, skills, interest, fitness, and enjoyment) and extrinsic factors (social recognition, social mobility, praise, encouragement, and rewards) on the memorization quality of Tahfiz Diploma students at the Penang International Islamic College of Technology (KITAB). A survey was conducted with 30 students selected from an initial sample of 40 using simple random sampling. Data were collected via structured questionnaires measuring intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors alongside perceived memorization quality. Descriptive statistics (percentage frequency and mean) were used for analysis. The sample is predominantly female students (90.3%) aged 18-21 (90.3%). Findings showed that intrinsic factors, such as interest and enjoyment, were strongly correlated with better memorization quality, while extrinsic factors like social recognition and encouragement had a less significant but positive impact. Rewards and social mobility were the least influential. The research suggests prioritizing intrinsic motivation by fostering a supportive environment that enhances personal interest in memorization. While extrinsic motivators can complement these efforts, their influence is relatively limited. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to Quran memorization quality, with intrinsic motivation playing a more substantial role. These insights can inform educational strategies at Tahfiz institutions to optimize learning outcomes.
CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS OF THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS AND SELF-REGULATED LEARNING STRATEGIES: VALIDATING MEASUREMENT MODELS FOR INTERNATIONAL CHINESE STUDENTS IN PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN SELANGOR
This study utilized confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate measurement models for the Big Five personality traits and self-regulated learning strategies among international Chinese students in Selangor private universities. The research aims to establish a reliable and valid framework for understanding how these personality traits correlate with self-regulated learning practices, particularly in academic achievement contexts. Data were collected from 430 undergraduate students in their second to fourth years of study, using the Big Five Inventory (BFI) and the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) as primary instruments. The results from the CFA confirmed the validity and reliability of the measurement models, demonstrating a good fit with the data. This study contributes to the academic literature by providing a robust model for assessing personality and learning strategies, offering valuable insights for educational institutions to enhance learning outcomes and tailor support for international students.
EXAMINING THE INTERPLAY OF PARENTAL LITERACY HABITS, READING ATTITUDE, AND ENGLISH PHONOLOGICAL AWARENESS AMONG PRIVATE PRESCHOOLERS IN MALAYSIA
This study examined 374 Malaysian parent-child dyads to explore the link between preschoolers' parent literacy habits, English phonological awareness, and reading attitude. Parents provided demographic information and completed a Parent Literacy Habits Questionnaire, while children underwent a Phonological Awareness Test and Elementary Reading Attitude Survey. Analyzing data with descriptive statistics and Structural Equation Modeling revealed no significant relationship between parent literacy habits and reading attitude. Additionally, reading attitude did not mediate the connection between parent literacy habits and English phonological awareness. The findings suggest that preschoolers' English phonological skills are directly influenced by parents' daily reading habits, independent of the child's reading attitude.
KAUNSELING KERJAYA DALAM KALANGAN PELAJAR PINTAR DAN BERBAKAT: PERSPEKTIF MALAYSIA
Career guidance and counseling services among smart and talented students is one of the important elements in developing the potential of smart and talented students. In addition, smart and talented students face unique issues in managing learning matters at school. Accurate information and appropriate strategies are required in providing career guidance and counseling services. Accordingly, this study aims to examine career guidance and counseling issues faced by smart and talented students who are pursuing academic studies at one of the institutions that offer smart and talented education. In addition, this study aims to analyze the needs of guidance and career counseling services for smart and talented students. This study is a qualitative study that uses a phenomenological research design by conducting document analysis and interviews as data collection methods. The study participants involved in this study are ten people who are smart and talented students. The research data in this study was analyzed using atlas.ti software. The results of the study show that smart and talented students have issues in career guidance and counseling and need guidance and career counseling services from the counselors at the institution.
RADIANT MINDS: ASSESSING THE GRATITUDE BLUEPRINT INTERVENTION MODULE (GBIM) FROM POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY TO ALLEVIATE DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, AND STRESS AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
The rising prevalence of mental health issues like depression, anxiety, and stress in children underscores the urgent need for effective early interventions to support their well-being and social development. Hence, this study evaluates the effectiveness of the Gratitude Blueprint Intervention Module (GBIM), grounded in positive psychology principles. The quasi-experimental study involved 16 students aged 12 and employed pretest-posttest assessments by utilizing the short version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21. Results indicate a significant reduction in depression, anxiety, and stress scores post-GBIM activities, suggesting its potential as a valuable tool for guidance and counseling teachers. The study underscores the importance of incorporating theory-driven interventions into schools to address mental health challenges among students.
MIXED ATTITUDES TOWARDS ADHD AS A MITIGATING FACTOR IN CRIMINAL SENTENCING IN SINGAPORE: AN ARCHIVAL INVESTIGATION
This study investigates how ADHD is deliberated in Singaporean criminal trial cases to consider what aspects of ADHD influenced trial outcomes. An archival search was conducted through Lawnet on criminal trial cases mentioning ADHD in Singapore from 1975 to 2021. 48 cases were included in the analysis. The exploratory descriptive analysis revealed that where cases accepted ADHD as a mitigating factor (n = 11), they considered the influence of impulsivity and susceptibility to social influence, henceforth selecting a rehabilitative-focused sentence. Where ADHD was not accepted as a mitigating factor (n = 37), the judge either did not see a causal link between ADHD and the act of offence or believe that ADHD did not substantially impact the defendant’s mens rea.
EXPLORING MINDFULNESS EXERCISE EXPERIENCES DURING INTERNSHIP AMONG TRAINEE COUNSELORS
The integration aimed to enhance the trainees' competency and confidence to employ mindfulness practices in client interactions. This investigation delves into the firsthand encounters of trainee counselors who incorporated mindfulness exercises during their internships. Six trainee counselors from UNIMAS engaged in internship attended a mindfulness briefing program and embarked on a month-long journey of practicing mindfulness exercises such as journal reflection, mindfulness breathing, mindful eating, and mindfulness communication as assigned homework. Through individual semi-structured interviews, the trainee counselors' experiences with mindfulness during their internship were explored. Thematic analysis of the recorded data revealed three overarching themes: "Process," "Experience," and "Outcome" which encompass subthemes including the initial process, time constraints, environmental considerations, anxiety, evolving experiences, heightened awareness, habituation, enhanced counseling competency, and the role of mindfulness as a client-oriented tool. The resulting themes provide a comprehensive view of this experience, paving the way for a better understanding of the role of mindfulness in counselor development and client support. Further research and ongoing exploration of mindfulness in counseling contexts could provide valuable insights for refining training programs and optimizing the use of mindfulness as a tool for counselor development.
PERSONAL VALUES, PSYCHOLOGICAL ATTACHMENT AS CORRELATES OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AMONG PUBLIC SERVICE EMPLOYEES IN SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA
Organizational commitment is essential to the success of any organization, and it is dependent on a range of factors, including personal values and psychological attachment. The study examined the interrelationship between personal values, psychological attachment, and organizational commitment among public service employees in South-West Nigeria. The study employed descriptive survey research design of the ex post facto type, and data were collected using a set of four self-administered questionnaires from 380 public service workers. The questionnaires consist of three sections: personal values, psychological attachment, and organizational commitment. Data gathered were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and regression analysis at the .05 significance level. The results showed that personal values significantly predicted organizational commitment and psychological attachment significantly predicted organizational commitment among public service employees in South-West Nigeria. It is therefore recommended that managers of public service organizations should pay greater attention to personal values and psychological attachment among employees in order to enhance organizational commitment and optimal productivity.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPASSIONATE AID FAMILY INTERVENTION (CAFyIn) MODULE TO FAMILY MEMBERS OF PEOPLE WHO INJECT DRUGS (PWID)
Family members of people who inject drugs (PWID) face heightened risks of encountering health, social, and economic challenges that can severely impact their quality of life. While there is a growing number of interventions available for PWID, such as the Needles Syringe Exchange Program (NSEP) and Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT), intervention specifically tailored for the well-being of family members of PWID remain limited, particularly in Malaysia. This article presents the development of a “Compassionate Aid Family Intervention’ (CAFyIn) Module utilizing the Sidek Module Development Model (SMDM), with the aim of improving the quality of life among family members of PWID. SMDM emphasizes a systematic process with a detailed procedure. The article outlines the application of the SMDM, the key findings, and the potential benefits of the CAFyIn. The study's results demonstrate that the CAFyIn exhibits a strong content validity, achieving an average score of 88%. This indicates that the module has been well-designed and holds promise in supporting the needs of family members facing the challenges associated with having PWID relatives.
INFLUENCE OF TECHNOPHOBIA ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN DISTANCE LEARNING FOR GRADE SIX STUDENTS IN ABU DHABI, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Purpose: This study explores the impact of technophobia, negative emotions like anxiety and frustration towards technology, on the academic performance of sixth-grade students in Abu Dhabi, UAE, during distance learning. It also assesses whether gender moderates this relationship. Methodology: Drawing on Bandura’s Self-Efficacy theory, data from 636 students, 474 male and 162 female, were collected via questionnaires. The collected data underwent analysis using both SPSS and Structural Model equation through SMART-PLS. Contributions: The study reveals that technophobia significantly hampers academic achievement in distance learning, irrespective of gender. These findings highlight the need for MOE and stakeholders to develop policies that better support students, especially the younger ones, in their distance education experiences, offering valuable insights for future studies and recommendations.
DOES MORAL JUDGEMENT MEDIATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MORAL EMOTION AND MORAL IDENTITY TOWARDS PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOUR? AN EMPIRICAL STUDY AMONG MALAYSIAN ADOLESCENTS
This study examined the mediating role of moral judgement in the relationship between moral emotion, moral identity, and prosocial behaviour among adolescents in Malaysia. A total of 393 adolescents (170 males; 223 females; M age = 16 years) from 12 public secondary schools completed the surveys on moral judgement, moral identity, moral emotion, and prosocial behaviour. To determine predictive links among the variable, a mediation model in SPSS AMOS 27 was conducted. The results revealed positive correlations among moral judgement, moral emotion, moral identity and prosocial behaviour. Regression analyses showed that while moral identity was positively linked with both prosocial behaviour and moral judgement, whereas moral emotion was positively linked only to moral judgement. Notably, moral judgement fully mediated the link between moral emotion and prosocial behaviour and partially the association between moral identity and prosocial behaviour. These findings highlight the significance of moral judgement as a key factor in linking moral emotion and moral identity to promote prosocial behaviour among adolescents. Implications for promoting moral development in adolescence are discussed. Furthermore, this study calls for a forward-looking perspective by suggesting future inquiries into theoretical models and practical applications.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCHOOL CLIMATE AND SELF-EFFICACY WITH PAUD TEACHER JOB SATISFACTION
This study aims to determine the relationship between school climate and self-efficacy with PAUD teacher job satisfaction. The research method used in this research is descriptive quantitative and correlational research. The population in this study were honorary PAUD teachers in Pace District, Nganjuk Regency. The sample in this study was 107 people using the sampling technique Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling. The type of research instrument uses a psychological measurement scale consisting of 3 scales, namely the teacher job satisfaction scale, the school climate scale, and the teacher self-efficacy scale. The author adapts the Teacher Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (TJSQ) developed by Lester (1984), then for the school climate scale Scales of School Climate developed by Kallestad et al. (1998), and the Teacher Self Efficacy Scale self-efficacy scale developed by Skaalvik & Skaalvik (2007). The results showed that there was a significant positive relationship with the acquisition of a significance value of 0.001 (0.001≤ 0.05) and a correlation coefficient of 0.827, which means a simultaneous correlation between school climate and self-efficacy and job satisfaction. This shows that the lower the school climate and self-efficacy experienced, the lower the job satisfaction, and vice versa. 0.827, which means a simultaneous correlation between school climate and self-efficacy with job satisfaction, shows that the lower the school climate and self-efficacy experienced, the lower the job satisfaction, and vice versa. 0.827, which means a simultaneous correlation between school climate and self-efficacy with job satisfaction, shows that the lower the school climate and self-efficacy experienced, the lower the job satisfaction, and vice versa. The conclusion of this study is that school climate and teacher self-efficacy are simultaneously positive and has a significant relationship to job satisfaction of PAUD teacher.
CRITICAL THINKING DISPOSITION AMONG PAKISTANI UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: PSYCHOMETRIC PROFILES FOR YOON’S CRITICAL THINKING DISPOSITION INSTRUMENT
This research aims to validate Yoon's Critical Thinking Disposition (YCTD) instrument in the context of Pakistan by examining its cross- sectional and construct validity, as well as its measurement invariance across different subgroups (male/female). The study involved a sample of 390 postgraduate university students from Pakistan. The findings were compared to previous research efforts conducted by Shin et al. (2015), Yang et al. (2009), and Yoon (2008). The results confirmed the validity of the seven-factor model of the YCTD and provided evidence of its reliability, as indicated by Cronbach's alpha values exceeding 0.50. The item composite reliability values further supported the validity of the instrument. The factor loadings and significant differences in correlation coefficients between the subscales provided strong evidence for the distinctiveness of the seven subscales. The measurement invariance analyses demonstrated that the instrument is invariant across different genders in the context of Pakistan, indicating its suitability for comparing critical thinking disposition levels. Additionally, the study emphasized the importance of promoting and measuring critical thinking in the education system, with the YCTD serving as a valuable tool for evaluating interventions and monitoring changes in critical thinking disposition over time. The findings have implications for educators and policymakers, highlighting the need for cultivating critical thinking skills in diverse groups and guiding individual-level interventions based on the specific strengths and weaknesses identified by the YCTD. Overall, this study provides strong evidence supporting the validity and reliability of the YCTD instrument in the Pakistani context.
WHEN HOMEWORK MAKES YOU COMPULSIVE: DETERMINING THE ROLE OF ACADEMIC STRESS TO CYBERPORNOGRAPHY USE WITH GENDER AS COMPARING VARIABLE
This study focuses on how the contribution of academic stress to cyberpornography use in students. In addition, this study also wants to know the inter-dimensional contribution of academic stress to cyberpornography use and the differences in the intensity of pornography use between men and women who experience academic stress. In knowing this, this research uses quantitative correlational methods. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with 54 respondents aged 18-25 years (SD=1.66), student status, and experienced academic stress in the last six months. The results showed a significant effect of academic stress on cyberpornography use with a significance value of 0.024. On the other hand, several dimensions of academic stress have a significant effect on cyberpornography use, where the "Worry About Grades" dimension shows a p-value of 0.015 and the "Despondency" dimension of 0.018 both of which show a p-value <0.05. However, other dimensions such as "Pressure from Study" show a p-value of 0.361, "Workload" of 0.340, and "Self-expectation" of 0.484, which shows that the three dimensions of the academic stress variable have no significant effect on cyberpornography use. Furthermore, the gender difference test shows a significance value of 0.25 which means that there is no difference in the intensity of cyberpornography use between men and women who experience academic stress.
SELF-ESTEEM AND ANXIETY AS PREDICTORS OF PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ EFFICACY AMONG COLLEGES OF EDUCATION
The level of competence expressed by classroom teachers is important and relevant to classroom delivery and management, but observation has shown that some pre-service teachers express poor classroom interaction and have difficulties handling students in their classroom in the course of their field experience. This study therefore evaluated pre-service teacher’s self-esteem and anxiety on teaching efficacy among colleges of Education. The correlation research design of expost-facto was used for the study. The cluster sampling technique was used to select 250 second year students of Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Lagos who were on teaching practice. The sample elements were selected from the five schools within the college. Three instruments were used: teacher self-efficacy scale (r=0.62); Rosenberg self-esteem scale (r=0.84) and teaching anxiety scale (r=0.78). Three research questions were answered and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data analyses were done using descriptive statistics, Pearson product moment correlation and multiple regressions. There was a significant joint effect of teacher’s self-esteem and teaching anxiety on teachers’ self-efficacy (F(5,408)=22.66, P < 0.05) and a significant relative effect in this order (β=0.335, t=5.996, P < 0.05) and self-esteem (β=0.081, t=1.145, P> 0.05). The result also showed there was a significant correlation between (r=0.165, P < 0.05); teachers’ self-esteem (r=0.355, P<0.05) and teachers’ self-efficacy. Teacher’s esteem and anxiety are relevant factors to the teachers’ self-efficacy. Various training and interventions should be used to enhance teacher self-esteem and reduce teaching anxiety, while experimental research design should be used to determine the most effective method for improving self- esteem and reducing teaching anxiety among pre-service teachers.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY IMAGE AND LIFE SATISFACTION AMONG OMANI FEMALE TEACHERS
Purpose: According to the Omani Ministry of Health, more than half of Omani adults are obese. Obesity had caused psychological anguish and causes substantial repercussions on physical health in the educational context. Obesity impacts school students and teachers’ knowledge of health education. Teachers have a huge impact on how students develop their body image, attitudes, and behaviors, so ensuring they are competent is crucial. Yet, studies investigating teachers’ perception of body image were limited in previous research. Methodology: The current study intended to study the relationship between negative body image and life satisfaction. Participants were 407 female teachers from Oman with their age ranging from 20 to 50 years old. A Google forms survey was used to recruit participants. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 statistical tools. The result indicated that negative statistical correlation was found between negative body image and life satisfaction. Contributions: The study findings contribute to extending previous research on body image perception, especially in Arab nations. The findings of the study have implications for teacher mental health, especially the impact of negative body image on overall life satisfaction and mental health.